Survey of epidemic status of paragonimiasis in western mountainous areas in Hubei Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the current status of paragonimiasis epidemic in western mountain areas in Hubei Prov-ince. Methods Four counties(cities)of Western Hubei Province(Xingshan,Enshi,Yunxi,Baokang)were selected as the investigation sites for active surveillance. Crabs were captured and the metacercariae of Paragonimus were detected. Meanwhile, the blood samples were collected from the residents in the surveillance sites and the unique IgG and IgM antibodies against Para-gonimus in the sera were detected by ELISA. In addition,a questionnaire survey about knowledge and behavior of prevention and control of paragonimiasis was taken among the residents. Results A total of 1143 residents were investigated in the active surveillance,the total positive rate of the serology test was 1.84%(21/1143),while the rates of the male and the female were 1.78%(10/562)and 1.89%(11/581),respectively,with no statistical significance between them(χ2=0.002,P>0.05). The average weight of 161 fresh-water crabs captured was 11.72 g,with the positive rate of 9.32%(15/161)and the infective density of 7.07 metacercariae per positive crab. The positive rates of the male and female crabs were 11.54%(9/78)and 7.23%(6/83), respectively(χ2=0.884,P>0.05),and the infective densities were 6.67 and 7.67 metacercariae per positive crab,respective-ly. Totally 1143 residents were investigated by questionnaires,and 0.44%of them had the behavior of eating raw or half-done fresh-water crab,and 0.87% of them had the behavior of drinking un-boiled stream water. Conclusions The transmission chain of paragonimiasis still exists in the nature environment of mountain area in Western Hubei Province. The positive rate of the second intermediate host rebounds in some investigation sites. Therefore,the measures of continuous surveillance and health education should be taken to avoid the appearance of the prevalence or outbreak.

Down-regulated expression of duodenal tight junction proteins in model rats with Parkinson's disease / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the alterations of tight junction proteins in duodenal mucosa from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) model. Methods Rats were subjected with 6-OHDA in bilateral substantia nigra (SN) as PD model. The location and quantitative detecting techniques inclu-ding immunohisto- chemistry and western blotting were used to determine the expressions and alterations of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1). Results Claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 were highly expressed in the duodenal mucosa of PD models, where the expressions of occluding (P<0.001) and ZO-1 (P<0.001) were much lower, while the expression of claudin-1 had no alteration. Conclusions The down-regulated expres-sion of occludin and ZO-1 was detected in duodenal mucosa of PD models, which might be related to duodenal ulcer in PD.

Down-regulated expression of duodenal tight junction proteins in model rats with Parkinson's disease / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the alterations of tight junction proteins in duodenal mucosa from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) model. Methods Rats were subjected with 6-OHDA in bilateral substantia nigra (SN) as PD model. The location and quantitative detecting techniques inclu-ding immunohisto- chemistry and western blotting were used to determine the expressions and alterations of tight junction proteins (claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1). Results Claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 were highly expressed in the duodenal mucosa of PD models, where the expressions of occluding (P<0.001) and ZO-1 (P<0.001) were much lower, while the expression of claudin-1 had no alteration. Conclusions The down-regulated expres-sion of occludin and ZO-1 was detected in duodenal mucosa of PD models, which might be related to duodenal ulcer in PD.

Comparison of anorectal pressure after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids versus Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation for grade III hemorrhoids / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the long-term anorectal manometry of patients with grade III hemorrhoids treated by procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) or Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DGHAL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 114 patients with grade III hemorrhoids in our department in 2010 were prospectively enrolled, and divided into PPH group (63 cases) and DGHAL group (51 cases) according to patient preference. Patients received anorectal pressure examination 2, 6, 12, 18 months after operation, including rectal resting pressure, anal resting pressure, maximal anal contractive pressure and length of high-pressure band. Anorectal manometries between two procedure groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In every time point of follow-up, as compared to PPH group, DGHAL group presented higher anal resting pressure[postoperative 2 months: (56.2±2.6) mmHg vs. (43.2±3.1) mmHg, postoperative 6 months: (55.2±2.1) mmHg vs. (45.1±2.5) mmHg, postoperative 12 months: (53.2±3.0) mmHg vs. (40.2±3.2) mmHg, postoperative 18 months: (55.3±2.6) mmHg vs. (43.2±2.5) mmHg, all P<0.01], and longer length of high-pressure band [postoperative 2 months: (3.45±0.14) cm vs. (2.95±0.22) cm, postoperative 6 months: (3.46±0.12) cm vs. (2.94±0.26) cm, postoperative 12 months: (3.45±0.12) cm vs. (3.01±0.21) cm, postoperative 18 months: (3.56±0.12) cm vs. (3.02±0.23) cm, all P<0.01]. While no significant differences of maximal anal contractive pressure and rectal resting pressure were found between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both PPH and DGHAL are safe procedures and have similar efficacy in the treatment of grade III hemorrhoids, while DGHALpossesses better efficacy in the time of anal function recovery and the maintenance of anal function.</p>

Implementation and effectiveness of ‘ three early education' in orthodontics / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching and research section of orthodontics of the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University took the lead in carrying out ‘ three early education' Students of stomatology in Chongqing Medical University established ‘ social practice volunteer team' and conducted ‘ three early education' in orthodontic clinic during winter,summer holiday and weekend.This let students of low grades contact with society,clinical practice and scientific research at early stage thus to comprehensively improve their overall quality.Questionnaire for student volunteers of the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University showed that ‘ three early education' can effectively improve medical students' comprehensive quality.In the early stages of learning for students of stomatology,we cultivated students' occupation spirit,innovation consciousness,scientific literacy,clinical thinking and teamwork ability by strengthening training of students' social practice ability,communication ability,organization and coordination ability,professional interests,professional senses of belonging,team spirit and moral emotion.We achieved certain results and our experiences are worth extending.

Inhibitory effect of losartan on prostatic hyperplasia in spontaneous hypertension rats and its pathophysiological mechanism / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of losartan on prostatic hyperplasia in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs) and its pathophysiological mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly divided 36 male SHRs into three groups of equal number to be treated intragastrically with high-dose losartan (30 mg per kg per d), low-dose losartan (15 mg per kg per d) and distilled water (control group). After 6 weeks of intervention, we measured the body weight and tail artery blood pressure of the rats and compared them with the baseline data. We collected blood from the heart for determination of the levels of serum angiotensin II (Ang II), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and harvested their prostates for measurement of their weight, observation of the tissue ultrastructures under the electron microscope and detection of the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the prostate tissue by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the low- and high-dose losartan groups showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure ([203.75 +/- 10.28] vs [184.54 +/- 16.90] mmHg, P = 0.013; [203.75 +/- 10.28] vs [166.88 +/- 14.74] mmHg, P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure ([151.58 +/- 9.96] vs [136.71 +/- 14.28] mmHg, P = 0.022; [151.58 +/- 9.96] vs [122.71 +/- 11.56] mmHg, P < 0.001) of the lower tail artery after treatment, as well as in the prostate weight ([0.73 +/- 0.08] vs [0.64 +/- 0.10] mg, P = 0.011; [0.73 +/- 0.08 ] vs [0.50 +/- 0.17] mg, P < 0.001). Electron microscopy revealed edema of the basal and columnar epithelial cells, concentrated and marginated heterochromatin and widened nuclear gap of interstitial fibroblast nuclei, and reduced mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula in the low-dose losartan group, and even more obvious in the high-dose group. The level of serum Ang II was remarkably higher in the low- and high-dose losartan groups than in the control ([61.32 +/- 2.49] vs [54.85 +/- 7.20] pg/ml, P = 0.021; [65.49 +/- 6.78] vs [54.85 +/- 7.20] pg/ml, P < 0.001]) , that of serum IGF-1 was lower in high-dose losartan than in the control group ([1.50 +/- 0.11] vs [1.60 +/- 0.10] ng/ml, P = 0.03), but the serum IL-6 levels exhibited no significant differences among the three groups. The expression of eNOS in the prostate tissue was significantly higher in the losartan groups than in the controls (P = 0.022), even higher in the high-dose than in the low-dose group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Losartan can suppress the progression of prostate hyperplasia in spontaneous hypertension rats by inhibiting RAS, IGF-1 and angiogenesis.</p>

Repairing effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on alveolar bone defects in Beagle dogs / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the potential repairing effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation on acute horizontal alveolar bone defects at the mandibular pre-molar areas in Beagle dogs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Horizontal alveolar bone defect models were established under enamelo-cemental junction 6 mm at the mandibular third and forth pre-molar buccal regions on both sides in 4 beagle dogs, and bilateral sides of each dog were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental groups with LIPUS irradiation (I(SATA) 30 mW X cm(-2), 20 min x d(-1)) and control groups without opening power source of LIPUS radiation. Dual energy X-ray bone densitometer was used to detect the bony density after an 8 weeks' irradiation. Meanwhile, decalcified bone tissue sections were used to assess the histological effects of new alveolar bone.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of new bony density detection in experimental group and control group were (0.6053 +/- 0.0566) g x cm(-2), (0.6047 +/- 0.0552) g x cm(-2), respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the differences of the two groups (P = 0.9839). Hematoxylin-eosin staining of decalcified bone tissue sections demonstrated that there were more osteoblasts lining at the edge of new alveolar bone in the experimental groups than that scattered in the control groups, and Masson staining revealed that collagens in new alveolar bone stained bright red indicating higher maturity in the experimental groups, while in the control groups mainly stained blue with some virescent areas indicating lower maturity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LIPUS irradiation on acute horizontal alveolar bone defects has potential repairing effects.</p>

Aortic Cell Apoptosis in Rat Primary Aldosteronism Model / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study aimed to determine whether aldosterone could induce vascular cell apoptosis in vivo.Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: vehicle(control),aldosterone,aldosterone plus eplerenone or hydralazine.They were then implanted with an osmotic mini-pump that infused either aldosterone or the vehicle.Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method.After 8 weeks,plasma aldosterone concentration(PAC)and renin activity(PRA)were determined by radioimmunoassay.Aortic apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay.The levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immnuohistochemistry and Western blotting.The results showed that as compared with control group,aldosterone-infused rats exhibited:(1)an increase in SBP;(2)significantly elevated PAC with depressed PRA;(3)elevated aortic vascular cell apoptosis accompanied with higher levels ofcytochrome c and activated caspase-3; and(4)significantly up-regulated Bax protein with down-regulated Bcl-2.These effects of aldosterone were significantly inhibited after co-administration with eplerenone but not with hydralazine.It was concluded that aldosterone inducedvascular cell apoptosis by its direct effect on the aorta via mineralocorticoid receptors and independently of blood pressure,which may contribute to aldosterone-mediated vascular injury.

Expression of Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptors in Aldosterone-producing Adenoma of the Adrenal Gland and Their Clinical Significance / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The expression of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R)and angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AT2R)in aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA)of the adrenal gland was detected,and their relationship with clinical indexes of APA was analyzed.The mRNA expression of AT1R and AT2R in50 cases of APA and tissues adjacent to tumors and 12 cases of normal adrenal tissues was detected by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of AT1R and AT2R proteins in paraffin-embedded slices of tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of AT1R in adenoma,tissues adjacent to tumor,and normal tissues of the adrenal gland showed no significant differences.The expression of AT2R in APA tissue was lower than that in normal adrenal gland tissues(P<0.05).Correlation analysis of the mRNA expression level of AT2R and clinical data from patients demonstrated that AT2R expression was negatively related to plasma aldosterone concentration(PAC)(r=-0.467,P<0.05),but positively related with plasma renin activity(PRA)(r=0.604,P<0.05).It is concluded that down-regulation of the AT2R expression is possibly related with the tumorigenesis of APA.

Breast intraductal lesion resection under breast fiberoptic ductoscopy / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility and to sum up the experience of breast intraductal neoplasm resection under breast fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS).@*METHODS@#FDS was performed on 548 patients with nipple discharge from Sep.2004 to Nov.2006. The clinical data of breast intraductal neoplasm found by FDS in patients who underwent tumor resection were analyzed, and the breast intraductal neoplasm image characteristics, diagnosis, operative type and postoperative pathological results were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Of the 548 patients with nipple discharge, intraductal neoplasm was found in 187 cases (34.1%), intraductal papilloma in 159 cases (29.0%), intraductal papillomatosis in 12 cases (2.2%), and breast carcinoma in 16 cases (2.9%). One hundred thirty-five patients were operated on in our hospital, of whom 91 were performed tumor resection or segmentectomy under the localization by FDS, and the other 44 were performed segmentectomy after breast duct infusion of methylene blue. The diagnostic rate under FDS in the FDS group (97.8%) was higher than that in the breast duct infusion methylene group (86.4%) (chi2=6.96, P=0.008).@*CONCLUSION@#FDS is not only an accurate diagnosis for breast intraductal lesion, but also an assistance to localize the breast intraductal neoplasm and to remove them in the operation.

Discussions on training the clinical ability to patients for graduate students of oral medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article is about to discuss the basic need of oral medicine post-graduate clinical training,and analyize some elements of clinical ability to provide a reference training model for more effective and practical demand for clinical teaching methods of the post-graduate clinical.